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The Ansar ((アラビア語:أنصار)), or followers of the Mahdi, is a Sufi religious movement in the Sudan whose followers are disciples of Muhammad Ahmad (12 August 1844 – 22 June 1885), the self-proclaimed Mahdi. Northern Sudan has long been inhabited by Arabic-speaking people who farm the Nile valley and follow a nomadic pastoral way of life elsewhere. Sudan came under Egyptian suzerainty when an Ottoman force conquered and occupied the region in 1820–21. Muhammed Ahmad, a Sudanese religious leader based on Aba Island, proclaimed himself Mahdi on 29 June 1881. His followers won a series of victories against the Egyptians culminating in the capture of Kartoum in January 1885. Muhammed Ahmad died a few months later. His successor the Khalifa 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad maintained the independence of the Mahdist state until 1898, when an Anglo-Egyptian force regained control. The Mahdi's eldest surviving son Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi was the religious and political leader of the Ansar throughout most of the colonial era of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1898-1955) and for a few years after Sudan gained independence in January 1956. His descendants have led the movement since then. ==Mahdiyah== Muhammed Ahmad claimed to receive direct inspiration from God. After taking power in Sudan between 1883 and 1885 he established the Mahdiyah, or Mahdist regime, which was ruled by a modified version of the shari'a legal system. To distinguish his followers from adherents of other Sufi sects, Muhammed Ahmad forbade the use of the word darwish (commonly known as "dervish" in English) to describe his followers, replacing it with the title Ansar, the term the Prophet Muhammad used for the people of Medina who welcomed him and his followers after their flight from Mecca. Muhammed Ahmed appointed three ''Kalifas'', or lieutenants: 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad, Ali wad Hilu and his young cousin and son in law Muhammad Sharif. He emulated the Prophet Muhammed, who had four Kalifa's. 'Abd Allah corresponded to Abu Bakr, Ali wad Hilu to Umar and Muhammad Sharif to Ali. Muhammad al-Sanusi was to have taken the place of Uthman, but refused the honor. When the Mahdi died on 22 June 1885 a few months after capturing Khartoum, 'Abd Allah became head of state, although he had to deal with challenges from members of the Mahdi's family and from Khalifa Muhammad Sharif. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ansar (Sudan)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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